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Plowden (1967)

Notes on the text

Volume 2

Preliminary pages Foreword and Contents
Appendix 1 Teachers' questionnaire
Appendix 2 Health of school children

The 1964 National Survey:

Appendix 3 1964 National Survey
Appendix 4 Regression analyses
Appendix 5 Data from the schools
Appendix 6 Infant starters
Appendix 7 Standards of reading of 11 year olds
Annexes to the National Survey

Appendix 8 Social services and primary education
Appendix 9 The Manchester Survey
Appendix 10 National Child Development Study
Appendix 11 School organisation and effects of streaming
Appendix 12 Gypsies and education
Appendix 13 Management of primary schools
Appendix 14 Variation in LEA provision

Volume 1

Report (full text)

Articles

about Plowden

The Plowden Report (1967)
Children and their Primary Schools

A Report of the Central Advisory Council for Education (England)

London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office 1967
© Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland.

Annexes to the National Survey
[Volume 2 pages 267 - 289]

[Note To see how these forms were set out in the printed version click here for an image of the first page (page 267).]

These Annexes contain copies of the forms completed by head teachers, class teachers, HMIs and medical officers concerned with the schools in the Survey.

Schedule A

Serial No.

In Confidence

CENTRAL ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR EDUCATION (ENGLAND)

Inquiry into children's achievements related to parental attitudes and school characteristics

(To be filled in by Heads of Schools drawn in sample. Wherever possible, alternative answers have been provided in order to reduce the amount of clerical work and simplify analysis. In these cases, please ring the number opposite the appropriate answer as has already been done for question 2.)

1. School

2. Type of school:

County1
Voluntary controlled2
Voluntary aided3

3. Name of head

4. Has the school been zoned by the LEA at any time in past three years?

Strictly zoned, with few or no exceptions1
Broadly zoned, with many exceptions2
Not zoned3

5. Please show on following table the approximate numbers of fathers in each occupation (see note 1):

OccupationsNumber
Professional or Managerial
Clerical
Skilled
Semi- and un-skilled
Unknown
TOTAL

6. Parent/teacher relations (all questions apply whether or not there is a parent/teacher association).

YesNo
(a) Is there a parent/teacher association?12
(b) Are meetings arranged for parents, by school or association, on educational matters?12
(c) Are any social functions organised for parents?12
(d) Have parents provided substantial help for school in money, kind or labour?12

(e) Please show on the following table approximately how many occasions are arranged, by school or parent/teacher association, for parents to visit the school during the school year. Any one occasion should appear only once in the columns a, b and c. It should appear on the same line in d or e and in total (see Note 2).

*Refers to occasions such as sports days, carol concerts, exhibitions open to all parents.

(f) Please estimate the number of families where parents seek, at their own initiative, without arrangement by school, at least one interview in a year.

(g) Please supply on separate sheet any additional information you think relevant if there is a parent/teacher association, a leaflet or programme would be useful.

7. Organisation

(a) Number of children on roll

(b) Number of classes

(c) How are children usually placed in classes?

By age alone1
By age combined with achievement2
By other means, e.g. vertical grouping3

8. Arrangements for secondary education (to be filled in only by junior mixed and infant schools, and by junior schools).

How many children from your school were transferred 1961-63 to comprehensive schools, selective schools or courses, modern schools with and without extended courses?

Please complete following table: (See note 3)

*By over-age pupils is meant those whose transfer to secondary education was delayed because they were thought to be immature; by under-age pupils is meant those who were promoted early on grounds of special ability.

9. Provision of books:

(a) Total number of school and class library books (including books on semi-permanent loan from public library but excluding text books) available to pupils.

(b) Average annual expenditure per head on school and class library books (excluding text books) September 1961-June 1964 inclusive

(c) Are children allowed to take library books home?

Yes1
No2

10. Please enter on the tables below the names of the .... pupils in each age group whose parents are being interviewed by the Social Survey. The name of the pupil who is first in overall achievement should be entered first, then the second and so on. 'Ties' are allowed but should be avoided whenever possible. The test scores and rank should correspond with those entered by class teacher on Schedule B, Questions 9 and 10.

(a) Top Infants:

RankName
of
pupil
NFER
picture
test
score
NFER
reading
test NS45
score
Office
use
only
1
2
etc

(b) First Year Juniors:

RankName
of
pupil
NFER
reading
test NS45
score
NFER
sentence
reading
test 1
score
Office
use
only
1
2
etc

(c) Fourth Year Juniors

RankName
of
pupil
Watts-Vernon
test score
Office
use
only
1
2
etc

11. The whole of the top junior age group is being assessed on the Watts-Vernon test. Please fill in the following tables:

(a) Number of pupils in top junior age group: Boys; Girls; Total

(b) Number of top junior age group (Boys; Girls) whose test scores were as follows: 0-5; 6-11; 12-17; 18-23; 24-29; 30-35; Total

12. Please show turnover of full-time qualified men and women staff from 1 September 1961 to present time on following tables, including yourself: do not include part-time staff. (See note 4.)

Men staff:

Still on staffLeft school
September
2 onwards
Total
(i) School staff 1 September 1961
(ii) Appointed September 2 to present time
(iii) Total

Women staff:

Still on staffLeft school
September
2 onwards
Total
(i) School staff 1 September 1961
(ii) Appointed September 2 to present time
(iii) Total

13. State present number of unfilled vacancies (short of establishment)

Signature:

Date:

Notes to Schedule A

Note 1. In filling in Schedule A, question 5, you may be helped by the following examples of occupations:

(a) Professional or managerial

Lawyers, clergymen, doctors, pharmacists, engineers, surveyors, architects, civil servants (executive and administrative grades), actuaries, accountants, teachers, managers of industrial or commercial concerns, officers of local authorities, army, navy and air force officers, inspectors and other senior police officers.

(b) Clerical

Clerks (including Civil Service and Local Government clerical grades). Shorthand-typists, secretaries (not company secretaries), other office machine operators.

(c) Skilled

Market gardeners, fitters, electricians, instrument makers, foremen, overlookers, viewers, weavers, furriers, boot and shoe makers, tailors, upholsterers, carpenters, joiners, engine-drivers, compositors, bookbinders, postmen, shop assistants, police constables, hewers, getters, and machinemen in (mining), bus drivers.

(d) Semi-skilled and unskilled

Agricultural workers, miners (other than those in (c)), kilnmen, foundry labourers, metal enamellers, solderers and brazers, garment machinists and pressers, maltsters, plate-layers, ticket-collectors, bus conductors, bargemen, barmen, laundry workers, packers, oilers and greasers. Unskilled labourers generally, navvies, porters, dock labourers, lift attendants, costermongers, hawkers, newspaper sellers, watchmen, rag, bone, bottlesorters, kitchen hands.

Note 2. The following example shows how the table in question 6(e) might be filled in for one school and its interpretation:

This school arranges an open evening for each year group in February when parents have staggered interviews with class teachers and can also see head teacher 1*). It also has a termly evening meeting at which educational matters are discussed (3+). There is usually a carol service and a sports day (both in the afternoon (2x)), and an exhibition of work one evening in July (1o).

Note 3. The following example shows how the table in Schedule A, question 8, might be filled in:

This is a two stream primary school with an age group of about 80 children of whom about 25 per cent go to selective schools and remainder to two secondary modern schools (of which one has no extended course). There are no comprehensive schools in the neighbourhood. In certain conditions children of 10.6 can be transferred to selective education. One boy who had spent a long period in hospital spent an extra year in the primary school.

Note 4. The following example shows how the table in question 12 might be filled in:

This table shows the staffing of an infant school with six classes in 1961 and eight classes in 1964. In 1961 the staff consisted of seven teachers including the head (7+++). Of these three (3+) have stayed till present time and four (4++) have left. At the present time there are nine teachers (9o), comprising the three original members (3+) and six newcomers (6x). Ten others (10xx) joined the staff after September 1961 but have already left. Twenty-three full-time teachers (23ooo) have been on the staff at some time in the period specified.

Schedule B

Serial No. (a) School (b) Child

Top infants: Blue Form
First year juniors: Green Form
Fourth year juniors: Yellow Form

In Confidence

CENTRAL ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR EDUCATION (ENGLAND)

Inquiry into children's achievement related to parental attitudes and school characteristics

(To be filled in by class teachers of children whose parents are drawn in the sample and returned by 16 July 1964. Wherever possible, alternative answers have been provided in order to reduce the amount of clerical work and simplify analysis. In these cases, please ring the number opposite the appropriate answer.)

1. School

2. Name of class teacher

3. Name of class

4. Size of class

5. How has this class been formed?

Mainly on age1
As an upper ability stream2
As a middle ability stream (e.g. of three streams)3
As a lower ability stream4
As a remedial class5

6. Name of child

Sex:

Boy1
Girl2

7. Date of birth

8. Height in inches without shoes

9. (a) Number of half-days absent 1 September 1963 - 31 March 1964

(b) Are you satisfied that absence is almost always due to child's illness?

Yes1
No2

(c) If not, is absence due to:

Sickness in home?3
Parental indifference?4
Truancy or school phobia?5

10. Child's test score

Name of test; Score

11. Four, eight or 12 children in this group age are being studied in this school. Please give this child's rank in order of overall achievement. 'Ties' are allowed but are to be avoided if possible. This rank should correspond with that on Schedule A, Question 10. Rank:

12. Most children are probably 'all-rounders' but if this child is markedly better or worse in any of the following abilities than in his general achievement, please ring the number in the appropriate space.

Markedly
better
Markedly
worse
Office
use
(i) Linguistic ability12
(ii) Mathematical ability12
(iii) Ability in painting or modelling12
(iv) Skill in physical movement12

13. This question alone is to be answered for fourth year junior children only. It would be helpful to know of children whose achievement has markedly improved or deteriorated in past three years. Please ring the appropriate number:

Markedly improved1
No change2
Markedly deteriorated3
Unknown4

14. Please estimate on a three point scale this child's attitude to school:

Likes school1
Accepts school without showing any very positive like or dislike2
Dislikes school3

15. Please estimate on a three point scale this child's cooperation with other children:

Good cooperation1
Average cooperation2
Poor cooperation3

16. Please estimate on a three point scale this child's cooperation with his class teacher:

Good cooperation1
Average cooperation2
Poor cooperation3

Schedule C

School Serial No.

In Confidence

CENTRAL ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR EDUCATION (ENGLAND)

Inquiry into children's achievements related to parental attitudes and school characteristics

Assessment by HMI of schools included in national sample of primary schools

On all occasions on which assessment on a five point scale is asked for, please allow for a national distribution of 5%; 20%; 50%; 20%; 5%

1. How do you assess the all-round quality of this school on a five point scale? Please ring the appropriate rating.

Very good1
Good2
Average3
Below average4
Poor5

2. How do you assess the head's leadership, taking into account the particular needs of this school?

Very good1
Good2
Average3
Below average4
Poor5

3. How do you assess the average teaching competence of the staff?

Very good1
Good2
Average3
Below average4
Poor5

4. How do you rate the extent to which this school is in line with modern educational trends, taking into consideration:

(i) Permissive discipline?
(ii) Provision for individual rates of progress?
(iii) Opportunities for creative work?
(iv) Readiness to reconsider content of curriculum?
(v) Awareness of unity of knowledge?

Very good1
Good2
Average3
Below average4
Poor5

5. Please assess, on a three point scale, the quality of the books provided.

Good1
Average2
Poor3

6. Please assess, on a three point scale, the backwash of selection procedures on the curriculum.

Little1
Average2
Considerable3

7. Please assess, on a three point scale, LEA public relations, as shown, for example, by the information provided for parents on secondary provision.

Good1
Average2
Poor3

8. Please assess, as A, B or C, the teaching competence of the members of staff responsible for classes in which there are pupils whose individual achievement is being studied; - and + may be used with B but not with A or C. It is important that B rather than B+ should be taken as the average mark.

9. Assessment of Continuity from Home to School.

Good1
Average2
Poor3
Not applicable4

10. Assessment of Continuity from Infant to Junior School.

Good1
Average2
Poor3
Not applicable4

11. Assessment of Continuity - within Junior Mixed and Infant School.

Good1
Average2
Poor3
Not applicable4

Schedule D

Serial No. (a) School (b) Child

Reception class: Pink Form

In Confidence

CENTRAL ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR EDUCATION (ENGLAND)

Inquiry into the arrangements made for the admission of children to school in the summer term 1964, and into their reactions to school in the first months

(To be filled in by class teachers of admission class pupils included in the sample. Wherever possible, alternative answers have been provided. In these cases please ring the number opposite the appropriate answer.)

1. School

2. Name of class teacher

3. Non-teaching help available in school (please express as decimal of full-time teacher).

4. Size of class

5. Age range of class

6. Name of child

Sex:

Boy1
Girl2

7. Date of birth

8. Height in inches without shoes

9. (a) Number of half-days absent - from beginning of term to 15 June 1964

(b) Are you satisfied that absence is almost always due to child's illness? Yes; No

Yes1
No2

(c) If not, is absence due to

Sickness in home?1
Parental indifference?2
Parental over-anxiousness?3

10. Did this child visit

(a) The school before he was admitted?

Yes1
No2

(b) His class before he was admitted?

Yes1
No2

11. Will this child remain with

(a) The same class teacher after the holiday?

Yes1
No2

(b) Largely the same pupils after the holiday?

Yes1
No2

12. Did the child show signs of distress at leaving his mother when he came to school?

Yes1
No2

13. If distress was shown for how long did it persist?

(a) For one week1
(b) For two weeks2
(c) For a month or more3

14. What is the child's power of expressing himself in words?

(a) Good1
(b) Average2
(c) Poor3

15. Please estimate, on a three point scale, this child's cooperation with other children.

Good cooperation1
Average cooperation2
Poor cooperation3

16. Please estimate, on a three point scale, this child's need for the support of an adult.

Marked need for adult support1
Average need for adult support2
Little need for adult support3

17. Does the child attend school?

Full-time1
Part-time2

18. If full-time, to what extent is he overtired, fretful or difficult at the end of the afternoon?

Markedly tired1
Averagely tired2
No signs of tiredness3

Schedule M

CENTRAL ADVISORY COUNCIL ON EDUCATION (ENGLAND)

INQUIRY INTO PARENTAL ATTITUDES

Medical Examination of Supplementary Sample of Five year old Children, July 1964

The examining doctor is asked to complete this form with the help of the parent by circling the appropriate figure or letter, or specifying as necessary.

Name:

Date of birth:

Address:

School:

LEA:

Serial No.:

Pre- and peri-natal history

1. Was pregnancy normal?

No0
Yes1

If not, was there:

Toxaemia?2
Haemorrhage?3
Rubella?4
Rh incompatibility?5
Any other condition?

2. Was delivery full term?

No0
Yes1

If not, how early or late?

3. Was delivery normal?

No0
Yes1

If not, was it:

Instrumental?2
Caesarean?3
Breech?4

Duration of labour:

4. Birth weight:

5. At birth, did the child have:

Asphyxia?1
Jaundice?2

6. During the first week, did the child have:

A convulsion?1
Difficulty in sucking?2

7. Was the child quite normal to handle during the first week?

No0
Yes1

If not, was he:

Stiff or rigid?2
Limp or floppy?3

8. Was there any other cause for alarm during the first 10 days?

No0
Yes1

If yes, specify:

9. Had the child been discharged home by the 10th day?

No0
Yes1
Does not apply9

If not, by what day was he discharged?

10. Where was the child born?

Developmental history

11. At what age did the child:

Sit without support on a hard surface?
Walk unaided?
First use single words with meaning? (excluding 'mum', 'dad', 'hullo', 'bye-bye')
Have bowel control?
Have bladder control during the day?
Have bladder control at night?

Past history

12. Has the child had any of the following immunisations or infections? (Put tick in appropriate column.)

ImmunisationInfection
YesNoYesNo
Smallpox
Whooping cough
Diphtheria
Poliomyelitis
Measles
Chickenpox
Mumps
Meningitis

13. Has the child had bronchitis? (An illness with cough as the major symptom and moderate or severe constitutional upset.)

No0
Once1
More than once2

If more than once, how often? When was the last time?

14. Does the child have more than four colds a year?

No0
Yes1

If so, how many as a rule?

15. Has the child had earache?

No0
Once1
More than once2

If more than once, how often? When was the last time?

16. Has the child had a convulsion since the age of two weeks?

No0
Yes1

If yes: At what age? Did it recur? No/Yes; how often? Has the child had an EEG? No/Yes. Is he on anti-convulsant drugs? No/Yes

17. Has the child had any other serious illness or accident?

No0
Yes1

If yes: What and when?

18. Has the child attended his own doctor during the last six months?

No0
Yes1

If yes: Why?

19. Has the child ever been admitted to hospital?

No0
Yes1

If yes: Which hospital? When? Why?

20. Has the child ever been in a residential nursery?

No0
Yes1

If yes: When? For how long? Why?

21. Is the child in the care of the local authority now?

No0
Yes1

Present health and behaviour

22. Below are a number of health problems which most children have at some time. According to how often the child has each, please put a tick in the appropriate column (1. At least once per week; 2. At least once per month; 3. Less than once per month; 4. Never):

1234
A. Complains of headache
B. Has stomach ache
C. Complains of feeling sick
D. Vomits
E. Wets his/her pants during the day
F. Wets his/her bed at night
G. Soils him/herself

23. Does the child have any feeding difficulty? No; Yes, mild; Yes, severe

No0
Yes, mild1
Yes, severe2

If yes, specify

24. Does the child have any sleeping difficulty?

No0
Yes, mild1
Yes, severe2

If yes, specify

25. Below are a series of descriptions of behaviour often shown by children. If the child definitely shows the behaviour described, put a circle round 'A' (Certainly applies). If the child is inclined to show the behaviour or does so only occasionally, put a circle round 'S' (Somewhat applies). If, as far as you understand from the parent, the child does not show the behaviour, circle 'D' (Does not apply):

Does not
apply
Applies
somewhat
Certainly
applies
A. Frequently sucks thumb or fingerDSA
B. Frequently bites nails or fingersDSA
C. Is fussy or over particularDSA
D. Often worried, worries about many thingsDSA
E. Tends to be fearful or afraid of things or new situationsDSA
F. Tends to do things on his ownDSA
G. Makes little or no attempt to mix with other childrenDSA
H. Frequently fights with other childrenDSA
I. Has temper tantrumsDSA
J. Is often disobedientDSA
K. Often tells liesDSA
L. Cries on arrival at schoolDSA
M. Refuses to go into schoolDSA

Medical examination

26. Height (without shoes)

Weight (in underpants or knickers only)

27. Visual acuity: Right eye unaided; Left eye unaided

If spectacles worn: Both eyes; Why are they worn?

28. Squint (Cover Test)

No0
Yes1

29. Hearing:

Normal0
Poor1
Very poor2

How assessed?

Clinical test3
Pure tone audiometer4

30. Ears:

A. Discharge:

Present1
Absent0

If present, is infection:

Acute?2
Persistent?3
Recurrent?4

B. Drum Left/Right:

LeftRight
Intact00
Perforated11
Scarred22

31. Nose: Is nasal catarrh: Absent?; Present?

Absent0
Present1

If present, is it:

Coryzal?2
Chronic?3

32. Skin and scalp: Has the child a condition requiring treatment?

No0
Yes1

If so, specify

33. Lungs: Is there any evidence of respiratory disease?

No0
Yes1

If so, specify

34. Heart: Is there any evidence of cardiac abnormality?

No0
Yes1

If so, specify

35. Locomotor system: Has the child any defect of this?

No0
Yes1

If yes, specify

36. Has the child any other defect or disease (including a congenital abnormality)

No0
Yes1

If so, specify

Height of parents

37. Height of mother (without shoes):

38. If the mother knows the height of her husband, what is it?

Developmental examination

39. Speech: Has the child normal articulation?

No0
Yes1

If not, does he show:

Stammer:

Mildly2
Severely3

Dyslalia:

Mildly4
Markedly5

Any other defect (specify)

Is speech:

Muddled (but not due to difficulty in articulation)6
Only in single words or short phrases7
In sentences8

40. Manipulation:

A. Can the child pick up a pin?

No0
With difficulty1
Easily2

B. Can the child do up buttons?

No0
With difficulty1
Easily2

C. Can the child dress him/herself?

No0
With help1
Yes2

D. Can the child do up shoe laces?

No0
With difficulty1
Easily2

Ask the child to copy this square. (You may show him by outlining the square with your finger.)

Ask the child to draw a picture of a man. (You may repeat the request and say once: 'What else does he have?')

Staffing form

[There followed, on pages 288-9, a form for schools to complete, giving information about the teachers. It can be seen as an image here]

Appendix 7 | Appendix 8